Analysis of the results of using the pediatric appendicitis score in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in children aged 5–17 years

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15574/PS.2019.63.23

Keywords:

acute appendicitis, children, diagnostics, PAS

Abstract

Accurate and timely diagnostics of the acute appendicitis (AA) in children remains an actual question. One of the directions is the development of standard diagnostic scales, including clinical symptoms and laboratory data.

Aim. Analysis of the results of using the Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS) in the differential diagnostics of abdominal pain in children aged 5–17 years.

Materials and methods. The prospective randomized blind clinical trial. 326 children were examined with abdominal pain at the age of 5–17 years.

Results. The Pediatric Appendicitis Score has a different diagnostic significance in the recommended ranges of values. The level of errors of the first kind contains 6% (DI 0.0–12.6) in the conclusion «low risk of AA». The errors of the second kind (negative appendectomy) is 20% (DI 7.6–32.4) with values of the PAS more than 7 points.

Conclusions. It is advisable to study further the diagnostic ability of the Pediatric Appendicitis Score. The obtained data requires the study the Pediatric Appendicitis Score in different age groups in order to reduce the number of uncertain conclusions, to improve the accuracy of diagnostics of the destructive appendicitis.

References

Kaminski MN. (2017). Comparative assessment and optimization of clinical and sonoscopic scales of acute appendicitis. Khabarovsk: 24. http://www.fesmu.ru/SITE/files/editor/file/nauka/avtoref/avtoref_kam.pdf

Kasimov RR, Muchin AS, Elfimov DA. (2014). Medic and diagnostic algorithm in military personnel with acute appendicitis. Novosti Khirurgii. 22(1): 89–95. https://doi.org/10.18484/2305-0047.2014.1.89

Kushnir AV, Zuev VV. (2015). Ultrasound diagnostics and computed tomography in the diagnostics of acute appendicitis. Bulletin of Medical Internet conferences. 5(5): 627.

Magomedova S. (2016). The frequency of detection of acute appendicitis with atypical location of the appendix. Bulletin of Scientific Conferences. 9 (4): 67–68.

Alhamdani YF. (2018). Negative Appendectomy Rate and Risk Factors That Influence Improper Diagnosis at King Abdulaziz University Hospital. Mater. Sociomed. 30(3): 215–220. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2018.30.215-220; PMid:30515062 PMCid:PMC6195398

Alvarado A. (1986) A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Annals of emergency medicine. 15(5): 557–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0644(86)80993-3

Andersson RE, Andersson M. (2008). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score: A Tool for the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis that Outperforms the Alvarado Score. World Journal of Surgery. 32(8): 1843–1849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-008-9649-y; PMid:18553045

Carroll PJ, Gibson D. (2013). Surgeon-performed ultrasound at the bedside for the detection of appendicitis and gallstones: systematic review and meta-analysis. American journal of surgery. 205(1): 102–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2012.02.017; PMid:22748292

Chong CF. (2010). Development of the RIPASA score: a new appendicitis scoring system for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Singapore Med Journal 51(3): 220–225.

Hakkoymaz H, Nazik S, Seyithanoglu M. (2019). The value of ischemia-modified albumin and oxidative stress markers in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in adults. The American journal of emergency medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30871739 ; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.03.005; PMid:30871739

Kim JS. (2013). Acute Abdominal Pain in Children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 16 (4): 219–224. https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2013.16.4.219; PMid:24511517 PMCid:PMC3915729

Lintula H, Pesonen E, Kokki H. (2005). A diagnostic score for children with suspected appendicitis. Langenbeck’s archives of surgery. 390(2): 164–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-005-0545-8; PMid:15723233

Papes D, Srsen MS, Antabak A. (2015). What Is the Acceptable Rate of Negative Appendectomy? Comment on Prospective Evaluation of the Added Value of Imaging within the Dutch National Diagnostic Appendicitis Guideline – Do We Forget Our Clinical Eye? Digestive surgery. 32(3): 181–182. https://doi.org/10.1159/000380772; PMid:25833673

Reuben A. (2016). Examination of the abdomen. Clinical Liver Disease. 7(6): 143–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/cld.556; PMid:31041050 PMCid:PMC6490278

Salo M. (2014). Appendicitis in Children: Evaluation of the Pediatric Appendicitis Score in Younger and Older Children. Surgery research and practice. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25574500 ; https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/438076; PMid:25574500 PMCid:PMC4276704

Sammalkorpi H. (2017). Diagnosis of acute appendicitis: diagnostic scoring and significance of preoperative delay (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from: https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/179225/DIAGNOSI.pdf?sequence=1

Samuel M. (2001). Pediatric Appendicitis Score. Journal of Pediatric Surgery. https://www.mdcalc.com/pediatricappendicitis-score-pas.

Shommu NS, Jenne CN, Blackwood J. (2018). Metabolomic and inflammatory mediator based biomarker profiling as a potential novel method to aid pediatric appendicitis identification. PLOS ONE. 13(3): e0193563. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193563; PMid:29529041 PMCid:PMC5846776

Unal Y. (2018). A new and early marker in the diagnosis of acute complicated appendicitis: immature granulocytes. Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery. 24(5): 434–439. https://doi.org/10.5505/tjtes.2018.91661

Yap TL, Fan JD, Chen Y. (2019). A novel noninvasive appendicitis score with a urine biomarker. Journal of pediatric surgery. 54(1): 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.10.025; PMid:30391151

Issue

Section

Original articles. Abdominal surgery